A pilot trial from Ohio State University found that a ketogenic diet may substantially reduce depressive symptoms in young adults. Sixteen college students with major depressive disorder (MDD) followed a ketogenic eating plan for 10–12 weeks and experienced about a 70% reduction in depression scores. Participants also reported better overall well-being, improved cognitive performance, and modest weight loss. The study appeared September 10 in Translational Psychiatry.
All participants continued their usual mental health care—medication, counseling, or both—while adopting the diet. Because this was a small, uncontrolled pilot, researchers and outside clinicians emphasize the results show promise but do not prove the diet caused the improvements. Previous research indicates that medications and counseling can reduce depressive symptoms by roughly 50% in similar timeframes.
Experts not involved in the trial noted possible mechanisms for ketone-related benefits. When the body enters nutritional ketosis it shifts the brain’s primary fuel from glucose to ketone bodies, which can act as signaling molecules. This metabolic state may improve mitochondrial efficiency, reduce inflammation, and stabilize blood sugar—factors linked to mood regulation. Ketones may also influence neurotransmitter cycles such as GABA, which can affect anxiety and emotional control. These shifts could help explain improvements in both mood and cognition observed in the study.
Early, small-scale research has explored ketogenic approaches for other psychiatric and neurological conditions, with some reports of rapid symptom remission in very limited samples. Larger, rigorously controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy, clarify mechanisms, and identify who might benefit most.
Clinicians caution that the ketogenic diet should be considered an adjunct, not a replacement, for established treatments like psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. In the Ohio State study participants maintained their usual care, a model experts recommend to avoid discontinuing medication or therapy in favor of a restrictive diet. There are also risks and practical challenges: the diet can be socially isolating, difficult to maintain, and potentially problematic for people with histories of disordered eating.
If a clinician agrees a ketogenic approach may complement care, gradual carbohydrate reduction over one to two weeks can reduce “keto-flu” symptoms such as fatigue and headaches. Emphasizing whole foods, nonstarchy vegetables, healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, avocado), and quality protein can help prevent nutrient gaps. Experts also note that less restrictive dietary patterns—like Mediterranean-style or generally increasing whole-food intake—have evidence supporting mood benefits and may be more sustainable for some people.
Beyond diet, standard mood-supporting habits remain important: consistent sleep, regular exercise, therapy, social support, and reducing alcohol or substance use. These measures, along with professional guidance, are key to managing depression whether or not someone pursues a ketogenic diet.
If you’re experiencing depressive symptoms, contact your doctor or a mental health professional before making major dietary changes.
